Implementing the 3Rs: improving experimental approaches in animal biology
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Implementing the 3Rs: improving experimental approaches in animal biology.
The pages of this journal are full of remarkable stories of scientists working with extraordinary and commonplace creatures to understand how these species survive and interact with their environment. None of these studies could have been undertaken without the contributions of the central protagonists themselves, and in the fields of biomedical research and ecotoxicology, large numbers of vert...
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ECVAM is an international reference centre for the development and validation of alternative testing methods aimed at the replacement, reduction or refinement of the use of laboratory animals in the biomedical sciences, with emphasis on toxicological assessments. ECVAM was established by a communication of the European Commission (SEC 91/1794) to the European Parliament and Council referring to...
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The animal experiment is central to the 3R concept. In European law, animal experiments are classed according to their aims. In the German animal protection law, they are classed, e.g. as interventions and treatments for experimental purposes, for further education and training, or for the production, preparation, storage or multiplication of substances, products or organisms and for the fulfil...
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The 3Rs--replacement, reduction, and refinement--can be applied to any animal experiment by researchers and other bodies seeking to conduct those studies in as humane a manner as possible. Key to the success of this endeavor is an appreciation of the principles of good experimental design and analysis; these need to be considered in concert before any data is collected. Indeed, many of the prin...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Experimental Biology
سال: 2016
ISSN: 1477-9145,0022-0949
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.146415